Questions 1-40:

1.   Definitions to know:

2.   Types of healthcare associated infections (HAIs)

3.   Know the characteristics of prokaryotic cells – i.e. no nucleus

4.   What does prokaryotic mean?

5.   Know how we measure bacterial cells.

6.   Know the constituents of the cell wall of both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.

7.   Know the principle of the gram stain and how it works.

8.   Know the different oxygen requirements for bacterial growth:

9.   Know which growth phase makes microorganisms more susceptible to antimicrobials and WHY.

10.  Know what a protozoan cyst stage is and why it’s important.

11.  Know the properties of enzymes

12.  Know the byproducts of

13.  Know what happens during the intracellular and extracellular stages of a virus.

14.  Know what filtration is and why it would be a necessary/suitable method of providing a sterile solution.

15.  Know the characteristics of the first line of defense for the immune system.

16.  Know the side effects of using tetracycline.

17.  Be able to explain why we don’t use antibiotics to treat colds or the flu. ESSAYS

18.  Know characteristics that are shared by the skin and mucous membrane.

19.  Know the characteristics of the different immunoglobulin classes.

20.  Understand how cervical cancer is diagnosed and the most common causative agent.

21.  Know the different stages of an infectious disease.

22.  Know the causative agents of:

23.  Pathogenic processes of: causes, causative agent, highlighted in red

24.  Other diseases to know and fully understand:

25.  Be able to explain how sterilizations procedures can still be considered sterilization even when they don’t kill all microbes present. essay

26.  Know about the DTaP vaccine and the BCG vaccine.

27.  Know the differences in the different types of immunity (passive, active, acquired, innate, etc)

28.  Know the features of primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis: Treponema pallidum

29.  Know the components of the specific immune response and the nonspecific immune response

30.  Know the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. essay

31.  Know the various conditions caused by Staphylococcus aureus along with their laboratory diagnosis. essay

32.  Know which are the bacterial STDs?

33.  Know the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea. 765-766

34.  Know the pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection.  HIV is not

35.  Be able to describe the cellular structures or processes that can be targets of antimicrobial agents.

36.  Be able to describe the pathogenesis, signs, symptoms of yeast infections. (essay question)

37.  Be able to describe the different reservoirs of human infections and examples of diseases for each type. (essay question)

38.  Be able to explain how the respiratory tract is protected from invasion by pathogens. (essay question)

39.  Be able to explain how the skin serves as a natural defense to infections. (Essay question)

40.  What do we mean by axenic systems of the body.